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GNU GRUB manual
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This is the documentation of GNU GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader, a
flexible and powerful boot loader program for a wide range of
architectures.

   This edition documents version 2.12.

   This manual is for GNU GRUB (version 2.12, 3 July 2025).

   Copyright ©
1999,2000,2001,2002,2004,2006,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections.

Introduction: Capturing the spirit of GRUB
Naming convention: Names of your drives in GRUB
OS-specific notes about grub tools
Installation: Installing GRUB on your drive
Booting: How to boot different operating systems
Configuration: Writing your own configuration file
Theme file format: Format of GRUB theme files
Network: Downloading OS images from a network
Serial terminal: Using GRUB via a serial line
Vendor power-on keys: Changing GRUB behaviour on vendor power-on keys
Images: GRUB image files
Core image size limitation: GRUB image files size limitations
Filesystem: Filesystem syntax and semantics
Interface: The menu and the command-line
Environment: GRUB environment variables
Modules: Available modules
Commands: Available builtin commands
Internationalisation: Topics relating to language support
Security: Authentication, authorisation, and signatures
Platform limitations: Platform-specific limitations
Platform-specific operations: Platform-specific operations
Supported kernels: Supported kernels
Troubleshooting: Error messages produced by GRUB
User-space utilities: Usage of user-space utilities
Obtaining and Building GRUB: How to obtain and build GRUB
Reporting bugs: Where you should send a bug report
Future: Some future plans on GRUB
Copying This Manual: Copying This Manual
Index

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