TTF2TFM(1) General Commands Manual TTF2TFM(1)
NAME
ttf2tfm - build TeX metric files from a TrueType font
SYNOPSIS
ttf2tfm ttffile[.ttf|.ttc] [-c caps-height-factor] [-e extension-factor]
[-E encoding-id] [-f font-index] [-l] [-L ligature-file[.sfd]]
[-n] [-N] [-O] [-p inencfile[.enc]] [-P platform-id] [-q]
[-r old-glyphname new-glyphname] [-R replacement-file[.rpl]]
[-s slant-factor] [-t outencfile[.enc]] [-T inoutencfile[.enc]]
[-u] [-v vplfile[.vpl]] [-V scvplfile[.vpl]] [-w] [-x]
[-y vertical-shift-factor] [tfmfile[.tfm]]
ttf2tfm --version | --help
DESCRIPTION
This program extracts the metric and kerning information of a TrueType
font and converts it into metric files usable by TeX (quite similar to
afm2tfm which is part of the dvips package; please consult its info
files for more details on the various parameters (especially encoding
files).
Since a TrueType font often contains more than 256 glyphs, some means
are necessary to map a subset of the TrueType glyphs onto a TeX font.
To do this, two mapping tables are needed: the first (called `input' or
`raw' encoding) maps the TrueType font to a raw TeX font (this mapping
table is used by both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk), and the second (called `out-
put' or `virtual' encoding) maps the raw TeX font to another (virtual)
TeX font, providing all kerning and ligature information needed by TeX.
This two stage mapping has the advantage that one raw font can be ac-
cessed with various LaTeX encodings (e.g. T1 and OT1) via the virtual
font mechanism, and just one PK file is necessary.
For CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) fonts, a different
mechanism is provided (see SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES below).
PARAMETERS
Most of the command line switch names are the same as in afm2tfm for
convenience. One or more space characters between an option and its
value is mandatory; options can't be concatenated. For historical rea-
sons, the first parameter can not be a switch but must be the font name.
-c caps-height-factor
The height of small caps made with the -V switch. Default value
of this real number is 0.8 times the height of uppercase glyphs.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-e extension-factor
The extension factor to stretch the characters horizontally. De-
fault value of this real number is 1.0; if less than 1.0, you get
a condensed font.
-E encoding-id
The TrueType encoding ID. Default value of this non-negative in-
teger is 1.
Will be ignored if -N is used.
-f font-index
The font index in a TrueType Collection. Default is the first
font (index 0). [TrueType collections are usually found in some
CJK fonts; e.g. the first font index specifies glyphs and metrics
for horizontal writing, and the second font index does the same
for vertical writing. TrueType collections usually have the ex-
tension `.ttc'.]
Will be ignored for ordinary TrueType fonts.
-l Create ligatures in subfonts between first and second bytes of
all the original character codes. Example: Character
code 0xABCD maps to character position 123 in subfont 45. Then a
ligature in subfont 45 between position 0xAB and 0xCD pointing to
character 123 will be produced. The fonts of the Korean HLaTeX
package use this feature. Note that this option generates cor-
rect ligatures only for TrueType fonts where the input cmap is
identical to the output encoding. In case of HLaTeX, TTFs must
have platform ID 3 and encoding ID 5.
Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-L ligature-file
Same as -l, but character codes for ligatures are specified in
ligature-file. For example, `-L KS-HLaTeX' generates correct
ligatures for the Korean HLaTeX package regardless of the plat-
form and encoding ID of the used TrueType font (the file KS-HLa-
TeX.sfd is part of the ttf2pk package).
Ligature files have the same format and extension as SFD files.
This option will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-n Use PS names (of glyphs) of the TrueType font. Only glyphs with
a valid entry in the selected cmap are used.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-N Use only PS names of the TrueType font. No cmap is used, thus
the switches -E and -P have no effect, causing a warning message.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-O Use octal values for all character codes in the VPL file rather
than names; this is useful for symbol or CJK fonts where charac-
ter names such as `A' are meaningless.
-p inencfile
The input encoding file name for the TTF→raw TeX mapping. This
parameter has to be specified in a map file (default:
ttfonts.map) recorded in ttf2pk.cfg for successive ttf2pk calls.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-P platform-id
The TrueType platform ID. Default value of this non-negative in-
teger is 3.
Will be ignored if -N is used.
-q Make ttf2tfm quiet. It suppresses any informational output ex-
cept warning and error messages. For CJK fonts, the output can
get quite large if you don't specify this switch.
-r old-glyphname new-glyphname
Replaces old-glyphname with new-glyphname. This switch is useful
if you want to give an unnamed glyph (i.e., a glyph which can be
represented with `.gXXX' or `.cXXX' only) a name or if you want
to rename an already existing glyph name. You can't use the
`.gXXX' or `.cXXX' glyph name constructs for new-glyphname; mul-
tiple occurrences of -r are possible.
If in subfont mode or if no encoding file is specified, this
switch is ignored.
-R replacement-file
Use this switch if you have many replacement pairs; they can be
collected in a file which should have `.rpl' as extension. The
syntax used in such replacement files is simple: Each non-empty
line must contain a pair `old-glyphname new-glyphname' separated
by whitespace (without the quotation marks). A percent sign
starts a line comment; you can continue a line on the next line
with a backslash as the last character.
If in subfont mode or if no encoding file is specified, this
switch is ignored.
-s slant-factor
The obliqueness factor to slant the font, usually much smaller
than 1. Default of this real number is 0.0; if the value is
larger than zero, the characters slope to the right, otherwise to
the left.
-t outencfile
The output encoding file name for the virtual font(s). Only
characters in the raw TeX font are used.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-T inoutencfile
This is equivalent to `-p inoutencfile -t inoutencfile'.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-u Use only those characters specified in the output encoding, and
no others. By default, ttf2tfm tries to include all characters
in the virtual font, even those not present in the encoding for
the virtual font (it puts them into otherwise-unused positions,
rather arbitrarily).
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-v vplfile
Output a VPL file in addition to the TFM file. If no output en-
coding file is specified, ttf2tfm uses a default font encoding
(cmtt10). Note: Be careful to use different names for the virtu-
al font and the raw font!
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-V scvplfile
Same as -v, but the virtual font generated is a pseudo small caps
font obtained by scaling uppercase letters by 0.8 (resp. the val-
ue specified with -c) to typeset lowercase. This font handles
accented letters and retains proper kerning.
Will be ignored in subfont mode.
-w Generate PostScript encoding vectors containing glyph indices,
primarily used to embed TrueType fonts in pdfTeX. ttf2tfm takes
the TFM names and replaces the suffix with .enc; that is, for
files foo01.tfm, foo02.tfm, ... it creates foo01.enc,
foo02.enc, ... at the same place.
Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-x Rotate all glyphs by 90 degrees counter-clockwise. If no -y pa-
rameter is given, the rotated glyphs are shifted down vertically
by 0.25em.
Will be ignored if not in subfont mode.
-y vertical-shift-factor
Shift down rotated glyphs by the given amount (the unit is em).
Ignored if not in subfont mode or glyphs are not rotated.
--version
Shows the current version of ttf2tfm and the used file search li-
brary (e.g. kpathsea).
--help Shows usage information.
If no TFM file name is given, the name of the TTF file is used, includ-
ing the full path and replacing the extension with `.tfm'.
CMAPS
Contrary to Type 1 PostScript fonts (but similar to the new CID Post-
Script font format), most TrueType fonts have more than one native map-
ping table, also called `cmap', which maps the (internal) TTF glyph in-
dices to the (external) TTF character codes. Common examples are a map-
ping table to Unicode encoded character positions, and the standard Mac-
intosh mapping.
To specify a TrueType mapping table, use the options -P and -E. With -P
you specify the platform ID; defined values are:
platform platform ID (pid)
──────────────────────────────────
Apple Unicode 0
Macintosh 1
ISO 2
Microsoft 3
The encoding ID depends on the platform. For pid=0, we ignore the -E
parameter (setting it to zero) since the mapping table is always Unicode
version 2.0. For pid=1, the following table lists the defined values:
platform ID = 1
script encoding ID (eid)
──────────────────────────────────
Roman 0
Japanese 1
Chinese 2
Korean 3
Arabic 4
Hebrew 5
Greek 6
Russian 7
Roman Symbol 8
Devanagari 9
Gurmukhi 10
Gujarati 11
Oriya 12
Bengali 13
Tamil 14
Telugu 15
Kannada 16
Malayalam 17
Sinhalese 18
Burmese 19
Khmer 20
Thai 21
Laotian 22
Georgian 23
Armenian 24
Maldivian 25
Tibetan 26
Mongolian 27
Geez 28
Slavic 29
Vietnamese 30
Sindhi 31
Uninterpreted 32
Here are the ISO encoding IDs:
platform ID = 2
encoding encoding ID (eid)
ASCII 0
ISO 10646 1
ISO 8859-1 2
And finally, the Microsoft encoding IDs:
platform ID = 3
encoding encoding ID (eid)
Symbol 0
Unicode 2.0 1
Shift JIS 2
GB 2312 (1980) 3
Big 5 4
KS X 1001 (Wansung) 5
KS X 1001 (Johab) 6
UCS-4 10
The program will abort if you specify an invalid platform/encoding ID
pair. It will then show the possible pid/eid pairs. Please note that
most fonts have at most two or three cmaps, usually corresponding to the
pid/eid pairs (1,0), (3,0), or (3,1) in case of Latin based fonts.
Valid Microsoft fonts should have a (3,1) mapping table, but some fonts
exist (mostly Asian fonts) which have a (3,1) cmap not encoded in Uni-
code. The reason for this strange behavior is the fact that some old
MS Windows versions will reject fonts having a non-(3,1) cmap (since all
non-Unicode Microsoft encoding IDs are for Asian MS Windows versions).
The -P and -E options of ttf2tfm must be equally specified for ttf2pk;
the corresponding parameters in a map file are `Pid' and `Eid', respec-
tively.
The default pid/eid pair is (3,1).
Similarly, an -f option must be specified as `Fontindex' parameter in a
map file.
If you use the -N switch, all cmaps are ignored, using only the Post-
Script names in the TrueType font. The corresponding option in a map
file is `PS=Only'. If you use the -n switch, the default glyph names
built into ttf2tfm are replaced with the PS glyph names found in the
font. In many cases this is not what you want because the glyph names
in the font are often incorrect or non-standard. The corresponding op-
tion in a map file is `PS=Yes'.
Single replacement glyph names specified with -r must be given directly
as `old-glyphname new-glyphname' in a map file; -R is equivalent to the
`Replacement' option.
INPUT AND OUTPUT ENCODINGS
You must specify the encoding vectors from the TrueType font to the raw
TeX font and from the raw TeX font to the virtual TeX font exactly as
with afm2tfm, but you have more possibilities to address the character
codes. [With `encoding vector' a mapping table with 256 entries in form
of a PostScript vector is meant; see the file T1-WGL4.enc of this pack-
age for an example.] With afm2tfm, you must access each glyph with its
Adobe glyph name, e.g. `/quotedsingle' or `/Acircumflex'. This has been
extended with ttf2tfm; now you can (and sometimes must) access the code
points and/or glyphs directly, using the following syntax for specifying
the character position in decimal, octal, or hexadecimal notation:
`/.c<decimal-number>', `/.c0<octal-number>', or `/.c0x<hexadecimal-num-
ber>'. Examples: `/.c72', `/.c0646', `/.c0x48'. To access a glyph in-
dex directly, use the character `g' instead of `c' in the just intro-
duced notation. Example: `/.g0x32'. [Note: The `.cXXX' notation makes
no sense if -N is used.]
For pid/eid pairs (1,0) and (3,1), both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk recognize
built-in default Adobe glyph names; the former follows the names given
in Appendix E of the book `Inside Macintosh', volume 6, the latter uses
the names given in the TrueType Specification (WGL4, a Unicode subset).
Note that Adobe names for a given glyph are often not unique and do
sometimes differ, e.g., many PS fonts have the glyph `mu', whereas this
glyph is called `mu1' in the WGL4 character set to distinguish it from
the real Greek letter mu. Be also aware that OpenType (i.e. True-
Type 2.0) fonts use an updated WGL4 table; we use the data from the lat-
est published TrueType specification (1.66). You can find those mapping
tables in the source code file ttfenc.c.
On the other hand, the switches -n and -N makes ttf2tfm read in and use
the PostScript names in the TrueType font itself (stored in the `post'
table) instead of the default Adobe glyph names.
Use the -r switch to remap single glyph names and -R to specify a file
containing replacement glyph name pairs.
If you don't select an input encoding, the first 256 glyphs of the True-
Type font with a valid entry in the selected cmap will be mapped to the
TeX raw font (without the -q option, ttf2tfm prints this mapping table
to standard output), followed by all glyphs not yet addressed in the se-
lected cmap. However, some code points for the (1,0) pid/eid pair are
omitted since they do not represent glyphs useful for TeX: 0x00 (null),
0x08 (backspace), 0x09 (horizontal tabulation), 0x0d (carriage return),
and 0x1d (group separator). The `invalid character' with glyph index 0
will be omitted too.
If you select the -N switch, the first 256 glyphs of the TrueType font
with a valid PostScript name will be used in case no input encoding is
specified. Again, some glyphs are omitted: `.notdef', `.null', and
`nonmarkingreturn'.
If you don't select an output encoding, ttf2tfm uses the same mapping
table as afm2tfm would use (you can find it in the source code file
texenc.c); it corresponds to TeX typewriter text. Unused positions (ei-
ther caused by empty code points in the mapping table or missing glyphs
in the TrueType font) will be filled (rather arbitrarily) with charac-
ters present in the input encoding but not specified in the output en-
coding (without the -q option ttf2tfm prints the final output encoding
to standard output). Use the -u option if you want only glyphs in the
virtual font which are defined in the output encoding file, and nothing
more.
One feature missing in afm2tfm has been added which is needed by LaTeX's
T1 encoding: ttf2tfm will construct the glyph `Germandbls' (by simply
concatenating two `S' glyphs) even for normal fonts if possible. It ap-
pears in the glyph list as the last item, marked with an asterisk.
Since this isn't a real glyph it will be available only in the virtual
font.
For both input and output encoding, an empty code position is represent-
ed by the glyph name `/.notdef'.
In encoding files, you can use `\' as the final character of a line to
indicate that the input is continued on the next line. The backslash
and the following newline character will be removed.
SUBFONT DEFINITION FILES
CJKV (Chinese/Japanese/Korean/old Vietnamese) fonts usually contain sev-
eral thousand glyphs; to use them with TeX it is necessary to split such
large fonts into subfonts. Subfont definition files (usually having the
extension `.sfd') are a simple means to do this smoothly.
A subfont file name usually consists of a prefix, a subfont infix, and a
postfix (which is empty in most cases), e.g.
ntukai23 → prefix: ntukai, infix: 23, postfix: (empty)
Here the syntax of a line in an SFD file, describing one subfont:
<whitespace> <infix> <whitespace> <ranges> <whitespace>
<infix> :=
anything except whitespace. It is best to use only alphanumeri-
cal characters.
<whitespace> :=
space, formfeed, carriage return, horizontal and vertical tabs --
no newline characters.
<ranges> :=
<ranges> <whitespace> <codepoint> |
<ranges> <whitespace> <range> |
<ranges> <whitespace> <offset> <whitespace> <range>
<codepoint> :=
<number>
<range> :=
<number> `_' <number>
<offset> :=
<number> `:'
<number> :=
hexadecimal (prefix `0x'), decimal, or octal (prefix `0')
A line can be continued on the next line with a backslash ending the
line. The ranges must not overlap; offsets have to be in the range
0-255.
Example:
The line
03 10: 0x2349 0x2345_0x2347
assigns to the code positions 10, 11, 12, and 13 of the subfont having
the infix `03' the character codes 0x2349, 0x2345, 0x2346, and 0x2347
respectively.
The SFD files in the distribution are customized for the CJK package for
LaTeX.
You have to embed the SFD file name into the TFM font name (at the place
where the infix will appear) surrounded by two `@' signs, on the command
line resp. a map file; both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk switch then to subfont
mode.
It is possible to use more than a single SFD file by separating them
with commata and no whitespace; for a given subfont, the first file is
scanned for an entry, then the next file, and so on. Later entries
override entries found earlier (possibly only partially). For example,
the first SFD file sets up range 0x10-0xA0, and the next one modifies
entries 0x12 and 0x25. As can be easily seen, this algorithm allows for
adding and replacing, but not for removing entries.
Subfont mode disables the options -n, -N, -p, -r, -R, -t, -T, -u, -v, -V
and -w for ttf2tfm; similarly, no `Encoding' or `Replacement' parameter
is allowed in a map file. Single replacement glyph names are ignored
too.
ttf2tfm will create all subfont TFM files specified in the SFD files
(provided the subfont contains glyphs) in one run.
Example:
The call
ttf2tfm ntukai.ttf ntukai@Big5,Big5-supp@
will use Big5.sfd and Big5-supp.sfd, producing all subfont files
ntukai01.tfm, ntukai02.tfm, etc.
RETURN VALUE
ttf2tfm returns 0 on success and 1 on error; warning and error messages
are written to standard error.
SOME NOTES ON FILE SEARCHING
Both ttf2pk and ttf2tfm use either the kpathsea, emtexdir, or MiKTeX li-
brary for searching files (emtexdir will work only on operating systems
which have an MS-DOSish background, i.e. MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows; MikTeX
is specific to MS Windows).
As a last resort, both programs can be compiled without a search li-
brary; the searched files must be then in the current directory or spec-
ified with a path. Default extensions will be appended also (with the
exception that only `.ttf' is appended and not `.ttc').
kpathsea
The actual version of kpathsea is displayed on screen if you call either
ttf2pk or ttf2tfm with the --version command line switch.
Here is a table of the file type and the corresponding kpathsea vari-
ables. TTF2PKINPUTS and TTF2TFMINPUTS are program specific environment
variables introduced in kpathsea version 3.2:
.ttf and .ttc TTFONTS
ttf2pk.cfg TTF2PKINPUTS
.map TTF2PKINPUTS
.enc TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
.rpl TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
.tfm TFMFONTS
.sfd TTF2PKINPUTS, TTF2TFMINPUTS
Please consult the info files of kpathsea for details on these vari-
ables.
You should set the TEXMFCNF variable to the directory where your
texmf.cnf configuration file resides.
Here is the proper command to find out to which value a kpathsea vari-
able is set (we use TTFONTS as an example). This is especially useful
if a variable isn't set in texmf.cnf or in the environment, thus point-
ing to the default value which is hard-coded into the kpathsea library.
kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -expand-var='$TTFONTS'
We select the program name also since it is possible to specify vari-
ables which are searched only for a certain program -- in our example it
would be TTFONTS.ttf2tfm.
A similar but not identical method is to say
kpsewhich -progname=ttf2tfm -show-path='truetype fonts'
[A full list of format types can be obtained by saying `kpsewhich
--help' on the command line prompt.] This is exactly how ttf2tfm (and
ttf2pk) searches for files; the disadvantage is that all variables are
expanded which can cause very long strings.
emtexdir
Here the list of suffixes and their related environment variables to be
set in autoexec.bat (resp. in config.sys for OS/2):
.ttf and .ttc TTFONTS
ttf2pk.cfg TTFCFG
.map TTFCFG
.enc TTFCFG
.rpl TTFCFG
.tfm TEXTFM
.sfd TTFCFG
If one of the variables isn't set, a warning message is emitted. The
current directory will always be searched. As usual, one exclamation
mark appended to a directory path causes subdirectories one level deep
to be searched, two exclamation marks cause all subdirectories to be
searched. Example:
TTFONTS=c:\fonts\truetype!!;d:\myfonts\truetype!
Constructions like `c:\fonts!!\truetype' aren't possible.
MiKTeX
Both ttf2tfm and ttf2pk have been fully integrated into MiKTeX. Please
refer to the documentation of MiKTeX for more details on file searching.
PROBLEMS
Many vptovf implementations allow only 100 bytes for the TFM header (the
limit is 1024 in the TFM file format itself): 8 bytes for checksum and
design size, 40 bytes for the family name, 20 bytes for the encoding,
and 4 bytes for a face byte. There remain only 28 bytes for some addi-
tional information which is used by ttf2tfm for an identification string
(which is essentially a copy of the command line), and this limit is al-
ways exceeded.
The optimal solution is to increase the value of max_header_bytes in the
file vptovf.web (and probably pltotf.web too) to, say, 400 and recompile
vptovf (and pltotf). Otherwise you'll get some (harmless) error mes-
sages like
This HEADER index is too big for my present table size
which can be safely ignored.
SEE ALSO
ttf2pk(1), afm2tfm(1), vptovf(1),
the info pages for dvips and kpathsea
AVAILABILITY
ttf2tfm is part of the FreeType 1 package, a high quality TrueType ren-
dering library.
AUTHORS
Werner LEMBERG <wl@gnu.org>
Frédéric LOYER <loyer@ensta.fr>
FreeType2 version 27-Jun-2013 TTF2TFM(1)
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