rpc(3) Library Functions Manual rpc(3)
NAME
rpc - library routines for remote procedure calls
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS AND DESCRIPTION
These routines allow C programs to make procedure calls on other ma-
chines across the network. First, the client calls a procedure to send
a data packet to the server. Upon receipt of the packet, the server
calls a dispatch routine to perform the requested service, and then
sends back a reply. Finally, the procedure call returns to the client.
To take use of these routines, include the header file <rpc/rpc.h>.
The prototypes below make use of the following types:
typedef int bool_t;
typedef bool_t (*xdrproc_t)(XDR *, void *, ...);
typedef bool_t (*resultproc_t)(caddr_t resp,
struct sockaddr_in *raddr);
See the header files for the declarations of the AUTH, CLIENT, SVCXPRT,
and XDR types.
void auth_destroy(AUTH *auth);
A macro that destroys the authentication information associated
with auth. Destruction usually involves deallocation of private
data structures. The use of auth is undefined after calling
auth_destroy().
AUTH *authnone_create(void);
Create and return an RPC authentication handle that passes nonus-
able authentication information with each remote procedure call.
This is the default authentication used by RPC.
AUTH *authunix_create(char *host, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
int len, gid_t aup_gids[.len]);
Create and return an RPC authentication handle that contains au-
thentication information. The parameter host is the name of the
machine on which the information was created; uid is the user's
user ID; gid is the user's current group ID; len and aup_gids re-
fer to a counted array of groups to which the user belongs. It
is easy to impersonate a user.
AUTH *authunix_create_default(void);
Calls authunix_create() with the appropriate parameters.
int callrpc(char *host, unsigned long prognum,
unsigned long versnum, unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, const char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out);
Call the remote procedure associated with prognum, versnum, and
procnum on the machine, host. The parameter in is the address of
the procedure's argument(s), and out is the address of where to
place the result(s); inproc is used to encode the procedure's pa-
rameters, and outproc is used to decode the procedure's results.
This routine returns zero if it succeeds, or the value of enum
clnt_stat cast to an integer if it fails. The routine clnt_per-
rno() is handy for translating failure statuses into messages.
Warning: calling remote procedures with this routine uses UDP/IP
as a transport; see clntudp_create() for restrictions. You do
not have control of timeouts or authentication using this rou-
tine.
enum clnt_stat clnt_broadcast(unsigned long prognum,
unsigned long versnum, unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out,
resultproc_t eachresult);
Like callrpc(), except the call message is broadcast to all lo-
cally connected broadcast nets. Each time it receives a re-
sponse, this routine calls eachresult(), whose form is:
eachresult(char *out, struct sockaddr_in *addr);
where out is the same as out passed to clnt_broadcast(), except
that the remote procedure's output is decoded there; addr points
to the address of the machine that sent the results. If eachre-
sult() returns zero, clnt_broadcast() waits for more replies;
otherwise it returns with appropriate status.
Warning: broadcast sockets are limited in size to the maximum
transfer unit of the data link. For ethernet, this value is 1500
bytes.
enum clnt_stat clnt_call(CLIENT *clnt, unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out,
struct timeval tout);
A macro that calls the remote procedure procnum associated with
the client handle, clnt, which is obtained with an RPC client
creation routine such as clnt_create(). The parameter in is the
address of the procedure's argument(s), and out is the address of
where to place the result(s); inproc is used to encode the proce-
dure's parameters, and outproc is used to decode the procedure's
results; tout is the time allowed for results to come back.
clnt_destroy(CLIENT *clnt);
A macro that destroys the client's RPC handle. Destruction usu-
ally involves deallocation of private data structures, including
clnt itself. Use of clnt is undefined after calling clnt_de-
stroy(). If the RPC library opened the associated socket, it
will close it also. Otherwise, the socket remains open.
CLIENT *clnt_create(const char *host, unsigned long prog,
unsigned long vers, const char *proto);
Generic client creation routine. host identifies the name of the
remote host where the server is located. proto indicates which
kind of transport protocol to use. The currently supported val-
ues for this field are “udp” and “tcp”. Default timeouts are
set, but can be modified using clnt_control().
Warning: using UDP has its shortcomings. Since UDP-based RPC
messages can hold only up to 8 Kbytes of encoded data, this
transport cannot be used for procedures that take large arguments
or return huge results.
bool_t clnt_control(CLIENT *cl, int req, char *info);
A macro used to change or retrieve various information about a
client object. req indicates the type of operation, and info is
a pointer to the information. For both UDP and TCP, the sup-
ported values of req and their argument types and what they do
are:
CLSET_TIMEOUT struct timeval // set total timeout
CLGET_TIMEOUT struct timeval // get total timeout
Note: if you set the timeout using clnt_control(), the timeout
parameter passed to clnt_call() will be ignored in all future
calls.
CLGET_SERVER_ADDR struct sockaddr_in
// get server's address
The following operations are valid for UDP only:
CLSET_RETRY_TIMEOUT struct timeval // set the retry timeout
CLGET_RETRY_TIMEOUT struct timeval // get the retry timeout
The retry timeout is the time that "UDP RPC" waits for the server
to reply before retransmitting the request.
clnt_freeres(CLIENT * clnt, xdrproc_t outproc, char *out);
A macro that frees any data allocated by the RPC/XDR system when
it decoded the results of an RPC call. The parameter out is the
address of the results, and outproc is the XDR routine describing
the results. This routine returns one if the results were suc-
cessfully freed, and zero otherwise.
void clnt_geterr(CLIENT *clnt, struct rpc_err *errp);
A macro that copies the error structure out of the client handle
to the structure at address errp.
void clnt_pcreateerror(const char *s);
Print a message to standard error indicating why a client RPC
handle could not be created. The message is prepended with
string s and a colon. Used when a clnt_create(), clntraw_cre-
ate(), clnttcp_create(), or clntudp_create() call fails.
void clnt_perrno(enum clnt_stat stat);
Print a message to standard error corresponding to the condition
indicated by stat. Used after callrpc().
clnt_perror(CLIENT *clnt, const char *s);
Print a message to standard error indicating why an RPC call
failed; clnt is the handle used to do the call. The message is
prepended with string s and a colon. Used after clnt_call().
char *clnt_spcreateerror(const char *s);
Like clnt_pcreateerror(), except that it returns a string instead
of printing to the standard error.
Bugs: returns pointer to static data that is overwritten on each
call.
char *clnt_sperrno(enum clnt_stat stat);
Take the same arguments as clnt_perrno(), but instead of sending
a message to the standard error indicating why an RPC call
failed, return a pointer to a string which contains the message.
The string ends with a NEWLINE.
clnt_sperrno() is used instead of clnt_perrno() if the program
does not have a standard error (as a program running as a server
quite likely does not), or if the programmer does not want the
message to be output with printf(3), or if a message format dif-
ferent than that supported by clnt_perrno() is to be used. Note:
unlike clnt_sperror() and clnt_spcreateerror(), clnt_sperrno()
returns pointer to static data, but the result will not get over-
written on each call.
char *clnt_sperror(CLIENT *rpch, const char *s);
Like clnt_perror(), except that (like clnt_sperrno()) it returns
a string instead of printing to standard error.
Bugs: returns pointer to static data that is overwritten on each
call.
CLIENT *clntraw_create(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum);
This routine creates a toy RPC client for the remote program
prognum, version versnum. The transport used to pass messages to
the service is actually a buffer within the process's address
space, so the corresponding RPC server should live in the same
address space; see svcraw_create(). This allows simulation of
RPC and acquisition of RPC overheads, such as round trip times,
without any kernel interference. This routine returns NULL if it
fails.
CLIENT *clnttcp_create(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
int *sockp, unsigned int sendsz, unsigned int recvsz);
This routine creates an RPC client for the remote program
prognum, version versnum; the client uses TCP/IP as a transport.
The remote program is located at Internet address *addr. If
addr->sin_port is zero, then it is set to the actual port that
the remote program is listening on (the remote portmap service is
consulted for this information). The parameter sockp is a
socket; if it is RPC_ANYSOCK, then this routine opens a new one
and sets sockp. Since TCP-based RPC uses buffered I/O, the user
may specify the size of the send and receive buffers with the pa-
rameters sendsz and recvsz; values of zero choose suitable de-
faults. This routine returns NULL if it fails.
CLIENT *clntudp_create(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
struct timeval wait, int *sockp);
This routine creates an RPC client for the remote program
prognum, version versnum; the client uses use UDP/IP as a trans-
port. The remote program is located at Internet address addr.
If addr->sin_port is zero, then it is set to actual port that the
remote program is listening on (the remote portmap service is
consulted for this information). The parameter sockp is a
socket; if it is RPC_ANYSOCK, then this routine opens a new one
and sets sockp. The UDP transport resends the call message in
intervals of wait time until a response is received or until the
call times out. The total time for the call to time out is spec-
ified by clnt_call().
Warning: since UDP-based RPC messages can hold only up to 8
Kbytes of encoded data, this transport cannot be used for proce-
dures that take large arguments or return huge results.
CLIENT *clntudp_bufcreate(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
struct timeval wait, int *sockp,
unsigned int sendsize, unsigned int recosize);
This routine creates an RPC client for the remote program
prognum, on versnum; the client uses use UDP/IP as a transport.
The remote program is located at Internet address addr. If
addr->sin_port is zero, then it is set to actual port that the
remote program is listening on (the remote portmap service is
consulted for this information). The parameter sockp is a
socket; if it is RPC_ANYSOCK, then this routine opens a new one
and sets sockp. The UDP transport resends the call message in
intervals of wait time until a response is received or until the
call times out. The total time for the call to time out is spec-
ified by clnt_call().
This allows the user to specify the maximum packet size for send-
ing and receiving UDP-based RPC messages.
void get_myaddress(struct sockaddr_in *addr);
Stuff the machine's IP address into *addr, without consulting the
library routines that deal with /etc/hosts. The port number is
always set to htons(PMAPPORT).
struct pmaplist *pmap_getmaps(struct sockaddr_in *addr);
A user interface to the portmap service, which returns a list of
the current RPC program-to-port mappings on the host located at
IP address *addr. This routine can return NULL. The command
rpcinfo -p uses this routine.
unsigned short pmap_getport(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned int protocol);
A user interface to the portmap service, which returns the port
number on which waits a service that supports program number
prognum, version versnum, and speaks the transport protocol asso-
ciated with protocol. The value of protocol is most likely IP-
PROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP. A return value of zero means that the
mapping does not exist or that the RPC system failed to contact
the remote portmap service. In the latter case, the global vari-
able rpc_createerr contains the RPC status.
enum clnt_stat pmap_rmtcall(struct sockaddr_in *addr,
unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned long procnum,
xdrproc_t inproc, char *in,
xdrproc_t outproc, char *out,
struct timeval tout, unsigned long *portp);
A user interface to the portmap service, which instructs portmap
on the host at IP address *addr to make an RPC call on your be-
half to a procedure on that host. The parameter *portp will be
modified to the program's port number if the procedure succeeds.
The definitions of other parameters are discussed in callrpc()
and clnt_call(). This procedure should be used for a “ping” and
nothing else. See also clnt_broadcast().
bool_t pmap_set(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
int protocol, unsigned short port);
A user interface to the portmap service, which establishes a map-
ping between the triple [prognum,versnum,protocol] and port on
the machine's portmap service. The value of protocol is most
likely IPPROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP. This routine returns one if
it succeeds, zero otherwise. Automatically done by svc_regis-
ter().
bool_t pmap_unset(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum);
A user interface to the portmap service, which destroys all map-
ping between the triple [prognum,versnum,*] and ports on the ma-
chine's portmap service. This routine returns one if it suc-
ceeds, zero otherwise.
int registerrpc(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum,
unsigned long procnum, char *(*procname)(char *),
xdrproc_t inproc, xdrproc_t outproc);
Register procedure procname with the RPC service package. If a
request arrives for program prognum, version versnum, and proce-
dure procnum, procname is called with a pointer to its parame-
ter(s); procname should return a pointer to its static result(s);
inproc is used to decode the parameters while outproc is used to
encode the results. This routine returns zero if the registra-
tion succeeded, -1 otherwise.
Warning: remote procedures registered in this form are accessed
using the UDP/IP transport; see svcudp_create() for restrictions.
struct rpc_createerr rpc_createerr;
A global variable whose value is set by any RPC client creation
routine that does not succeed. Use the routine clnt_pcreateer-
ror() to print the reason why.
void svc_destroy(SVCXPRT *xprt);
A macro that destroys the RPC service transport handle, xprt.
Destruction usually involves deallocation of private data struc-
tures, including xprt itself. Use of xprt is undefined after
calling this routine.
fd_set svc_fdset;
A global variable reflecting the RPC service side's read file de-
scriptor bit mask; it is suitable as a parameter to the select(2)
system call. This is of interest only if a service implementor
does their own asynchronous event processing, instead of calling
svc_run(). This variable is read-only (do not pass its address
to select(2)!), yet it may change after calls to svc_getreqset()
or any creation routines.
int svc_fds;
Similar to svc_fdset, but limited to 32 file descriptors. This
interface is obsoleted by svc_fdset.
svc_freeargs(SVCXPRT *xprt, xdrproc_t inproc, char *in);
A macro that frees any data allocated by the RPC/XDR system when
it decoded the arguments to a service procedure using
svc_getargs(). This routine returns 1 if the results were suc-
cessfully freed, and zero otherwise.
svc_getargs(SVCXPRT *xprt, xdrproc_t inproc, char *in);
A macro that decodes the arguments of an RPC request associated
with the RPC service transport handle, xprt. The parameter in is
the address where the arguments will be placed; inproc is the XDR
routine used to decode the arguments. This routine returns one
if decoding succeeds, and zero otherwise.
struct sockaddr_in *svc_getcaller(SVCXPRT *xprt);
The approved way of getting the network address of the caller of
a procedure associated with the RPC service transport handle,
xprt.
void svc_getreqset(fd_set *rdfds);
This routine is of interest only if a service implementor does
not call svc_run(), but instead implements custom asynchronous
event processing. It is called when the select(2) system call
has determined that an RPC request has arrived on some RPC
socket(s); rdfds is the resultant read file descriptor bit mask.
The routine returns when all sockets associated with the value of
rdfds have been serviced.
void svc_getreq(int rdfds);
Similar to svc_getreqset(), but limited to 32 file descriptors.
This interface is obsoleted by svc_getreqset().
bool_t svc_register(SVCXPRT *xprt, unsigned long prognum,
unsigned long versnum,
void (*dispatch)(struct svc_req *, SVCXPRT *),
unsigned long protocol);
Associates prognum and versnum with the service dispatch proce-
dure, dispatch. If protocol is zero, the service is not regis-
tered with the portmap service. If protocol is nonzero, then a
mapping of the triple [prognum,versnum,protocol] to xprt->xp_port
is established with the local portmap service (generally protocol
is zero, IPPROTO_UDP or IPPROTO_TCP). The procedure dispatch has
the following form:
dispatch(struct svc_req *request, SVCXPRT *xprt);
The svc_register() routine returns one if it succeeds, and zero
otherwise.
void svc_run(void);
This routine never returns. It waits for RPC requests to arrive,
and calls the appropriate service procedure using svc_getreq()
when one arrives. This procedure is usually waiting for a se-
lect(2) system call to return.
bool_t svc_sendreply(SVCXPRT *xprt, xdrproc_t outproc, char *out);
Called by an RPC service's dispatch routine to send the results
of a remote procedure call. The parameter xprt is the request's
associated transport handle; outproc is the XDR routine which is
used to encode the results; and out is the address of the re-
sults. This routine returns one if it succeeds, zero otherwise.
void svc_unregister(unsigned long prognum, unsigned long versnum);
Remove all mapping of the double [prognum,versnum] to dispatch
routines, and of the triple [prognum,versnum,*] to port number.
void svcerr_auth(SVCXPRT *xprt, enum auth_stat why);
Called by a service dispatch routine that refuses to perform a
remote procedure call due to an authentication error.
void svcerr_decode(SVCXPRT *xprt);
Called by a service dispatch routine that cannot successfully de-
code its parameters. See also svc_getargs().
void svcerr_noproc(SVCXPRT *xprt);
Called by a service dispatch routine that does not implement the
procedure number that the caller requests.
void svcerr_noprog(SVCXPRT *xprt);
Called when the desired program is not registered with the RPC
package. Service implementors usually do not need this routine.
void svcerr_progvers(SVCXPRT *xprt, unsigned long low_vers,
unsigned long high_vers);
Called when the desired version of a program is not registered
with the RPC package. Service implementors usually do not need
this routine.
void svcerr_systemerr(SVCXPRT *xprt);
Called by a service dispatch routine when it detects a system er-
ror not covered by any particular protocol. For example, if a
service can no longer allocate storage, it may call this routine.
void svcerr_weakauth(SVCXPRT *xprt);
Called by a service dispatch routine that refuses to perform a
remote procedure call due to insufficient authentication parame-
ters. The routine calls svcerr_auth(xprt, AUTH_TOOWEAK).
SVCXPRT *svcfd_create(int fd, unsigned int sendsize,
unsigned int recvsize);
Create a service on top of any open file descriptor. Typically,
this file descriptor is a connected socket for a stream protocol
such as TCP. sendsize and recvsize indicate sizes for the send
and receive buffers. If they are zero, a reasonable default is
chosen.
SVCXPRT *svcraw_create(void);
This routine creates a toy RPC service transport, to which it re-
turns a pointer. The transport is really a buffer within the
process's address space, so the corresponding RPC client should
live in the same address space; see clntraw_create(). This rou-
tine allows simulation of RPC and acquisition of RPC overheads
(such as round trip times), without any kernel interference.
This routine returns NULL if it fails.
SVCXPRT *svctcp_create(int sock, unsigned int send_buf_size,
unsigned int recv_buf_size);
This routine creates a TCP/IP-based RPC service transport, to
which it returns a pointer. The transport is associated with the
socket sock, which may be RPC_ANYSOCK, in which case a new socket
is created. If the socket is not bound to a local TCP port, then
this routine binds it to an arbitrary port. Upon completion,
xprt->xp_sock is the transport's socket descriptor, and
xprt->xp_port is the transport's port number. This routine re-
turns NULL if it fails. Since TCP-based RPC uses buffered I/O,
users may specify the size of buffers; values of zero choose
suitable defaults.
SVCXPRT *svcudp_bufcreate(int sock, unsigned int sendsize,
unsigned int recosize);
This routine creates a UDP/IP-based RPC service transport, to
which it returns a pointer. The transport is associated with the
socket sock, which may be RPC_ANYSOCK, in which case a new socket
is created. If the socket is not bound to a local UDP port, then
this routine binds it to an arbitrary port. Upon completion,
xprt->xp_sock is the transport's socket descriptor, and
xprt->xp_port is the transport's port number. This routine re-
turns NULL if it fails.
This allows the user to specify the maximum packet size for send-
ing and receiving UDP-based RPC messages.
SVCXPRT *svcudp_create(int sock);
This call is equivalent to svcudp_bufcreate(sock,SZ,SZ) for some
default size SZ.
bool_t xdr_accepted_reply(XDR *xdrs, struct accepted_reply *ar);
Used for encoding RPC reply messages. This routine is useful for
users who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using the
RPC package.
bool_t xdr_authunix_parms(XDR *xdrs, struct authunix_parms *aupp);
Used for describing UNIX credentials. This routine is useful for
users who wish to generate these credentials without using the
RPC authentication package.
void xdr_callhdr(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *chdr);
Used for describing RPC call header messages. This routine is
useful for users who wish to generate RPC-style messages without
using the RPC package.
bool_t xdr_callmsg(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *cmsg);
Used for describing RPC call messages. This routine is useful
for users who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using
the RPC package.
bool_t xdr_opaque_auth(XDR *xdrs, struct opaque_auth *ap);
Used for describing RPC authentication information messages.
This routine is useful for users who wish to generate RPC-style
messages without using the RPC package.
bool_t xdr_pmap(XDR *xdrs, struct pmap *regs);
Used for describing parameters to various portmap procedures, ex-
ternally. This routine is useful for users who wish to generate
these parameters without using the pmap interface.
bool_t xdr_pmaplist(XDR *xdrs, struct pmaplist **rp);
Used for describing a list of port mappings, externally. This
routine is useful for users who wish to generate these parameters
without using the pmap interface.
bool_t xdr_rejected_reply(XDR *xdrs, struct rejected_reply *rr);
Used for describing RPC reply messages. This routine is useful
for users who wish to generate RPC-style messages without using
the RPC package.
bool_t xdr_replymsg(XDR *xdrs, struct rpc_msg *rmsg);
Used for describing RPC reply messages. This routine is useful
for users who wish to generate RPC style messages without using
the RPC package.
void xprt_register(SVCXPRT *xprt);
After RPC service transport handles are created, they should reg-
ister themselves with the RPC service package. This routine mod-
ifies the global variable svc_fds. Service implementors usually
do not need this routine.
void xprt_unregister(SVCXPRT *xprt);
Before an RPC service transport handle is destroyed, it should
unregister itself with the RPC service package. This routine
modifies the global variable svc_fds. Service implementors usu-
ally do not need this routine.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│ auth_destroy(), authnone_create(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
│ authunix_create(), │ │ │
│ authunix_create_default(), callrpc(), │ │ │
│ clnt_broadcast(), clnt_call(), │ │ │
│ clnt_destroy(), clnt_create(), │ │ │
│ clnt_control(), clnt_freeres(), │ │ │
│ clnt_geterr(), clnt_pcreateerror(), │ │ │
│ clnt_perrno(), clnt_perror(), │ │ │
│ clnt_spcreateerror(), clnt_sperrno(), │ │ │
│ clnt_sperror(), clntraw_create(), │ │ │
│ clnttcp_create(), clntudp_create(), │ │ │
│ clntudp_bufcreate(), get_myaddress(), │ │ │
│ pmap_getmaps(), pmap_getport(), │ │ │
│ pmap_rmtcall(), pmap_set(), pmap_unset(), │ │ │
│ registerrpc(), svc_destroy(), │ │ │
│ svc_freeargs(), svc_getargs(), │ │ │
│ svc_getcaller(), svc_getreqset(), │ │ │
│ svc_getreq(), svc_register(), svc_run(), │ │ │
│ svc_sendreply(), svc_unregister(), │ │ │
│ svcerr_auth(), svcerr_decode(), │ │ │
│ svcerr_noproc(), svcerr_noprog(), │ │ │
│ svcerr_progvers(), svcerr_systemerr(), │ │ │
│ svcerr_weakauth(), svcfd_create(), │ │ │
│ svcraw_create(), svctcp_create(), │ │ │
│ svcudp_bufcreate(), svcudp_create(), │ │ │
│ xdr_accepted_reply(), │ │ │
│ xdr_authunix_parms(), xdr_callhdr(), │ │ │
│ xdr_callmsg(), xdr_opaque_auth(), │ │ │
│ xdr_pmap(), xdr_pmaplist(), │ │ │
│ xdr_rejected_reply(), xdr_replymsg(), │ │ │
│ xprt_register(), xprt_unregister() │ │ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
SEE ALSO
xdr(3)
The following manuals:
Remote Procedure Calls: Protocol Specification
Remote Procedure Call Programming Guide
rpcgen Programming Guide
RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification, RFC 1050, Sun Mi-
crosystems, Inc., USC-ISI.
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