random_r(3) Library Functions Manual random_r(3)
NAME
random_r, srandom_r, initstate_r, setstate_r - reentrant random number
generator
LIBRARY
Standard C library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
int random_r(struct random_data *restrict buf,
int32_t *restrict result);
int srandom_r(unsigned int seed, struct random_data *buf);
int initstate_r(unsigned int seed, char statebuf[restrict .statelen],
size_t statelen, struct random_data *restrict buf);
int setstate_r(char *restrict statebuf,
struct random_data *restrict buf);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
random_r(), srandom_r(), initstate_r(), setstate_r():
/* glibc >= 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
|| /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
These functions are the reentrant equivalents of the functions described
in random(3). They are suitable for use in multithreaded programs where
each thread needs to obtain an independent, reproducible sequence of
random numbers.
The random_r() function is like random(3), except that instead of using
state information maintained in a global variable, it uses the state in-
formation in the argument pointed to by buf, which must have been previ-
ously initialized by initstate_r(). The generated random number is re-
turned in the argument result.
The srandom_r() function is like srandom(3), except that it initializes
the seed for the random number generator whose state is maintained in
the object pointed to by buf, which must have been previously initial-
ized by initstate_r(), instead of the seed associated with the global
state variable.
The initstate_r() function is like initstate(3) except that it initial-
izes the state in the object pointed to by buf, rather than initializing
the global state variable. Before calling this function, the buf.state
field must be initialized to NULL. The initstate_r() function records a
pointer to the statebuf argument inside the structure pointed to by buf.
Thus, statebuf should not be deallocated so long as buf is still in use.
(So, statebuf should typically be allocated as a static variable, or al-
located on the heap using malloc(3) or similar.)
The setstate_r() function is like setstate(3) except that it modifies
the state in the object pointed to by buf, rather than modifying the
global state variable. state must first have been initialized using
initstate_r() or be the result of a previous call of setstate_r().
RETURN VALUE
All of these functions return 0 on success. On error, -1 is returned,
with errno set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
EINVAL A state array of less than 8 bytes was specified to init-
state_r().
EINVAL The statebuf or buf argument to setstate_r() was NULL.
EINVAL The buf or result argument to random_r() was NULL.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌───────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├───────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────────┤
│ random_r(), srandom_r(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe race:buf │
│ initstate_r(), setstate_r() │ │ │
└───────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────────┘
STANDARDS
GNU.
BUGS
The initstate_r() interface is confusing. It appears that the ran-
dom_data type is intended to be opaque, but the implementation requires
the user to either initialize the buf.state field to NULL or zero out
the entire structure before the call.
SEE ALSO
drand48(3), rand(3), random(3)
Linux man-pages 6.9.1 2024-05-02 random_r(3)
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