log(3) Library Functions Manual log(3)
NAME
log, logf, logl - natural logarithmic function
LIBRARY
Math library (libm, -lm)
SYNOPSIS
#include <math.h>
double log(double x);
float logf(float x);
long double logl(long double x);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
logf(), logl():
_ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
|| /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
|| /* glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
These functions return the natural logarithm of x.
RETURN VALUE
On success, these functions return the natural logarithm of x.
If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.
If x is 1, the result is +0.
If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.
If x is zero, then a pole error occurs, and the functions return
-HUGE_VAL, -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL, respectively.
If x is negative (including negative infinity), then a domain error oc-
curs, and a NaN (not a number) is returned.
ERRORS
See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error
has occurred when calling these functions.
The following errors can occur:
Domain error: x is negative
errno is set to EDOM. An invalid floating-point exception
(FE_INVALID) is raised.
Pole error: x is zero
errno is set to ERANGE. A divide-by-zero floating-point excep-
tion (FE_DIVBYZERO) is raised.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│ Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│ log(), logf(), logl() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
STANDARDS
C11, POSIX.1-2008.
HISTORY
C99, POSIX.1-2001.
The variant returning double also conforms to SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89.
BUGS
In glibc 2.5 and earlier, taking the log() of a NaN produces a bogus in-
valid floating-point (FE_INVALID) exception.
SEE ALSO
cbrt(3), clog(3), log10(3), log1p(3), log2(3), sqrt(3)
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