CAT(1) User Commands CAT(1)
NAME
cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output
SYNOPSIS
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-A, --show-all
equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank
number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends
display $ at end of each line
-n, --number
number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank
suppress repeated empty output lines
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs
display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting
use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
EXAMPLES
cat f - g
Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
cat Copy standard input to standard output.
AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
SEE ALSO
tac(1)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'
Packaged by Debian (9.7-3)
Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/li-
censes/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
GNU coreutils 9.7 June 2025 CAT(1)
Generated by dwww version 1.16 on Tue Dec 16 04:41:27 CET 2025.