ARPD(8) System Manager's Manual ARPD(8)
NAME
arpd - userspace arp daemon.
SYNOPSIS
Usage: arpd [ -lkh? ] [ -a N ] [ -b dbase ] [ -B number ] [ -f file ]
[-p interval ] [ -n time ] [ -R rate ] [ <INTERFACES> ]
DESCRIPTION
The arpd daemon collects gratuitous ARP information, saving it on local
disk and feeding it to the kernel on demand to avoid redundant broad-
casting due to limited size of the kernel ARP cache.
OPTIONS
-h -? Print help
-l Dump the arpd database to stdout and exit. The output consists of
three columns: the interface index, the IP address of the inter-
face, and the MAC address of the interface. Negative entries for
dead hosts are also shown, in this case the MAC address is re-
placed by the word FAILED followed by a colon and the most recent
time when the fact that the host is dead was proven.
-f <FILE>
Read and load an arpd database from FILE in a text format similar
to that dumped by option -l. Exit after load, possibly listing
resulting database, if option -l is also given. If FILE is -,
stdin is read to get the ARP table.
-b <DATABASE>
the location of the database file. The default location is
/var/lib/arpd/arpd.db
-a <NUMBER>
With this option, arpd not only passively listens for ARP packets
on the interface, but also sends broadcast queries itself. NUMBER
is the number of such queries to make before a destination is
considered dead. When arpd is started as kernel helper (i.e. with
app_solicit enabled in sysctl or even with option -k) without
this option and still did not learn enough information, you can
observe 1 second gaps in service. Not fatal, but not good.
-k Suppress sending broadcast queries by the kernel. This option
only makes sense together with option -a.
-n <TIME>
Specifies the timeout of the negative cache. When resolution
fails, arpd suppresses further attempts to resolve for this pe-
riod. This option only makes sense together with option '-k'.
This timeout should not be too much longer than the boot time of
a typical host not supporting gratuitous ARP. Default value is 60
seconds.
-p <TIME>
The time to wait in seconds between polling attempts to the ker-
nel ARP table. TIME may be a floating point number. The default
value is 30.
-R <RATE>
Maximal steady rate of broadcasts sent by arpd in packets per
second. Default value is 1.
-B <NUMBER>
The number of broadcasts sent by arpd back to back. Default value
is 3. Together with the -R option, this option ensures that the
number of ARP queries that are broadcast does not exceed B+R*T
over any interval of time T.
<INTERFACES> is a list of names of networking interfaces to watch. If no
interfaces are given, arpd monitors all the interfaces. In this case
arpd does not adjust sysctl parameters, it is assumed that the user does
this himself after arpd is started.
SIGNALS
When arpd receives a SIGINT or SIGTERM signal, it exits gracefully,
syncing the database and restoring adjusted sysctl parameters. On a
SIGHUP it syncs the database to disk. With SIGUSR1 it sends some statis-
tics to syslog. The effect of any other signals is undefined. In partic-
ular, they may corrupt the database and leave the sysctl parameters in
an unpredictable state.
NOTE
In order for arpd to be able to serve as ARP resolver, the kernel must
be compiled with the option CONFIG_ARPD and, in the case when interface
list in not given on command line, variable app_solicit on interfaces of
interest should be in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/*. If this is not made
arpd still collects gratuitous ARP information in its database.
EXAMPLES
arpd -b /var/tmp/arpd.db
Start arpd to collect gratuitous ARP, but not messing with kernel
functionality.
killall arpd ; arpd -l -b /var/tmp/arpd.db
Look at result after some time.
arpd -b /var/tmp/arpd.db -a 1 eth0 eth1
Enable kernel helper, leaving leading role to kernel.
arpd -b /var/tmp/arpd.db -a 3 -k eth0 eth1
Completely replace kernel resolution on interfaces eth0 and eth1.
In this case the kernel still does unicast probing to validate
entries, but all the broadcast activity is suppressed and made
under authority of arpd.
This is the mode in which arpd normally is supposed to work. It is not
the default to prevent occasional enabling of too aggressive a mode.
28 June, 2007 ARPD(8)
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