Image:...cation(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation Image:...cation(3pm)
NAME
Image::ExifTool::Geolocation - Determine geolocation from GPS and
visa-versa
SYNOPSIS
Look up geolocation information (city, region, subregion, country, etc)
based on input GPS coordinates, or determine GPS coordinates based on
city name, etc.
DESCRIPTION
This module contains the code to convert GPS coordinates to city,
region, subregion, country, time zone, etc. It uses a database derived
from geonames.org, modified to reduce the size as much as possible.
METHODS
ReadDatabase
Load Geolocation database from file. This method is called
automatically when this module is loaded. By default, the database is
loaded from "Geolocation.dat" in the same directory as this module, but
a different directory may be used by setting
$Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::geoDir before loading this module.
Setting this to an empty string avoids loading any database. A warning
is generated if the file can't be read.
Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::ReadDatabase($filename);
Inputs:
0) Database file name
Return Value:
True on success.
ReadAltNames
Load the alternate names database. Before calling this method the
$altDir package variable may be set, otherwise AltNames.dat is loaded
from the same directory as Geolocation.dat. This method is called
automatically by "Geolocate" if the GeolocAltNames option is used and an
input city name is provided.
Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::ReadAltNames();
Inputs:
(none)
Return Value:
True on success. May be called repeatedly, but AltNames.dat is
loaded only on the first call.
SortDatabase
Sort database in specified order.
Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::SortDatabase('City');
Inputs:
0) Sort order: 'Latitude', 'City' or 'Country'
Return Value:
1 on success, 0 on failure (bad sort order specified).
AddEntry
Add entry to Geolocation database.
Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::AddEntry($city, $region,
$subregion, $countryCode, $country, $timezone,
$featureCode, $population, $lat, $lon, $altNames);
Inputs:
0) City name (UTF8)
1) Region, state or province name (UTF8), or empty string if unknown
2) Subregion name (UTF8), or empty string if unknown
3) 2-character ISO 3166 country code
4) Country name (UTF8), or empty string to use existing definition.
If the country name is provided for a country code that already
exists in the database, then the database entry is updated with the
new country name.
5) Time zone identifier (eg. "America/New_York")
6) Feature code (eg. "PPL"), or empty if not known
7) City population
8) GPS latitude (signed floating point degrees)
9) GPS longitude
10) Optional comma-separated list of alternate names for the city
Return Value:
1 on success, otherwise sends a warning message to stderr
GetEntry
Get entry from Geolocation database.
my @vals = Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::GetEntry($num,$lang,$sort);
Inputs:
0) Entry number in database, or index into sorted database
1) Optional language code
2) Optional flag to treat first argument as an index into the sorted
database
item Return Values:
0) City name, or undef if the entry didn't exist
1) Region name, or "" if no region
2) Subregion name, or "" if no subregion
3) Country code
4) Country name
5) Time zone
6) Feature code
7) City population
8) GPS latitude
9) GPS longitude
10) Feature type, or undef
GetAltNames
Get alternate names for specified city.
my $str = Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::GetAltNames($num,$sort);
Inputs:
0) Entry number in database or index into the sorted database
1) Optional flag to treat first argument as an index into the sorted
database
Return value:
Comma-separated string of alternate names for this city.
Notes:
"ReadAltNames" must be called before calling this routine.
Geolocate
Return geolocation information for specified GPS coordinates or city
name.
my @rtnInfo = Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::Geolocate($arg,$opts);
Inputs:
0) Input argument ("lat,lon", "city", "city,country",
"city,region,country", etc). When specifying a city, the city name
must come first, followed by zero or more of the following in any
order, separated by commas: region name, subregion name, country
code, and/or country name. Regular expressions in "/expr/" format
are also allowed, optionally prefixed by "ci", "re", "sr", "cc" or
"co" to specifically match City, Region, Subregion, CountryCode or
Country name. Two special controls may be added to the argument
list:
'both' - When search input includes both name and GPS coordinates, use
both to determine the closest city matching the specified
name(s) instead of using GPS only.
'num=##' - When the search includes GPS coordinates, or when a single
city is matched by name, return the nearest ## cities instead
of just the closest or named one. Returned cities are in the
order from nearest to farthest.
See <https://exiftool.org/geolocation.html#Read> for more details.
1) Optional reference to hash of options:
GeolocMinPop - Minimum population of cities to consider in search.
Default 0.
GeolocMaxDist - Maximum distance (km) to search for cities when an
input GPS position is used. Default infinity.
GeolocMulti - Flag to return multiple cities if there is more than
one match. Used in the case where no input GPS
coordinates are provided. Default 0.
GeolocFeature - Comma-separated list of feature codes to include in
search, or exclude if the list starts with a dash (-).
Default undef.
GeolocAltNames - Flag to search alternate names database if available
for matching city name (see ALTERNATE DATABASES below).
Default undef.
Return Values:
0) Reference to list of database entry numbers for matching cities,
or undef if no matches were found.
1) Reference to list of distance/bearing pairs for each matching
city, or undef if the search didn't provide GPS coordinates.
ALTERNATE DATABASES
A different version of the cities database may be specified setting the
package $geoDir variable before loading this module. This directory
should contain the Geolocation.dat file, and optionally a GeoLang
directory for the language translations. The $geoDir variable may be
set to an empty string to disable loading of a database.
When searching for a city by name, AltNames.dat is checked to provide
additional possibilities for matches if the GeolocAltNames option is set
and an AltNames.dat database exists. The package $altDir variable may
be set to specify a different directory for AltNames.dat, otherwise the
Geolocation.dat directory is assumed. The entries in AltNames.dat must
match those in the currently loaded version of Geolocation.dat.
ADDING USER-DEFINED DATABASE ENTRIES
User-defined entries may be created by defining them using the following
technique before the Geolocation module is loaded.
@Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Geolocation = (
# city, region, subregion, country code, country, timezone,
['Sinemorets','burgas','Obshtina Tsarevo','BG','','Europe/Sofia',
# feature code, population, lat, lon
'PPL',400,42.06115,27.97833],
);
Similarly, user-defined language translations may be defined, and will
override any existing translations. Translations for the default 'en'
language may also be specified. See
<https://exiftool.org/geolocation.html#Custom> for more information.
USING A CUSTOM DATABASE
This example shows how to use a custom database. In this example, the
input database file is a comma-separated text file with columns
corresponding to the input arguments of the AddEntry method.
$Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::geoDir = '';
require Image::ExifTool::Geolocation;
open DFILE, "< $filename";
Image::ExifTool::Geolocation::AddEntry(split /,/) foreach <DFILE>;
close DFILE;
AUTHOR
Copyright 2003-2025, Phil Harvey (philharvey66 at gmail.com)
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself. The associated database files are
based on data from geonames.org with a Creative Commons license.
REFERENCES
<https://download.geonames.org/export/>
<https://exiftool.org/geolocation.html>
SEE ALSO
Image::ExifTool(3pm)
perl v5.40.1 2025-03-16 Image:...cation(3pm)
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